CHAPTER EIGHT / CHAPITRE HUIT
Why Is Blood Special? Changing Concepts of a Vital Humour
Pourquoi le sang est-il spécial ? L’évolution des concepts d’une humeur vitale
Topics in this page / Sujets
ici
General Works / Ouvrages
généraux
Antiquity to Enlightenment / Antiquité aux Lumières
General Works / Ouvrages généraux
Bangham,
Jenny. Blood Relations: Transfusion and the Making of Human
Genetics, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2020.
Bikfalvi, Andreas. A
Brief History of Blood and Lymphatic Vessels. Cham: Springer, 2017.
Biggs, R., A.S. Douglas,
R.G. Macfarlane, J.V. Dacie, et al. Christmas disease: A condition previously
mistaken for haemophilia. British Med. J 27.2 (1952): 1378-82. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.4799.1378.
Buckley,
Thomas, and Anna Gottlieb, eds. Blood Magic: The Anthropology of
Menstruation. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.
Brasó Broggi, C., and H. Bortlová-Vondráková. Internationalist blood: Karel Holubec and the diffusion of
Duran Jordà's method of blood transfusion to Czechoslovakia, 1930s-50s. Medical
History 69.1
(2025):183-204. doi:
10.1017/mdh.2024.27.
Carter,
K. Codell. On the Decline of Bloodletting in Nineteenth-Century Medicine. Journal
of Psychoanalytic Anthropology 5 (1982): 219–34.
Cortiula, M. W. Serum and the Soluvac:
The Australian Approach to Whole Blood Substitutes and Blood Transfusion During
the Second World War. Journal of the
History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 54 (1999): 413-38.
Dreyfus,
Camille. Some Milestones in the History of Hematology. New York: Grune
and Stratton, 1957.
Duffin, Jacalyn. Stanley’s Dream: The Medical Expedition to Easter
Island. Montreal: McGill Queen’s University Press, 2019 [on rapamycyin].
Firkin, Barry G. Some
Women Pioneers of Haematology. British Journal of Haematology 108 (2001):
6-12.
Freireich,
Emil A., and Noreen A. Lemak. Milestones in Leukemia Research and Therapy.
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991.
Garraud, O. et Jean-Jacques Lefrère. Blood and blood-associated symbols beyond medicine and transfusion: far more complex than first appears. Blood Transfusion 12.1 (2014): 14-21.
Hamilton, E.G. RHo(D) Immunoglobulin (RhoGAM): How It Came into Being,’ Obstetrics & Gynecology 77.6 (1991): 957.
Healy, Kieran. Last Best Gifts: Altruism and the Market for Human Blood and Organs.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006.
Krige, John. The
Politics of Phosphorus-32: A Cold War Fable Based on Fact. In Historiography of Contemporary Science,
Technology, and Medicine, eds. Thomas Söderqvist
and Doel Ronald E., 153-71. New York: Routledge, 2006.
Lefrère, Jean-Jacques. A historic picture: The first transfusion of citrated blood. Transfusion 51 (2011): 1140-41. https://doi-org.proxy.queensu.ca/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03087.x.
Mazumdar, Pauline M., ed. Immunology,
1930–1980: Essays on the History of Immunology. Toronto: Wall and
Thompson, 1989.
Mazumdar, Pauline M., Species
and Specificity: An Interpretation of the History of Immunology.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
McCann, Shaun R. A History of Haematology: from
Herodotus to HIV. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.
Mukherjee, Siddhartha. The
Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer, New York: Scribner, 2011.
Owen, Charles A. A History of Blood Coagulation, eds. William L. Nichols and E. J.
Walter Bowie. Rochester, Minn.: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and
Research, 2001.
Palfreeman, Linda. Spain Bleeds: The Development of Battlefield Blood
Transfusion during the Civil War. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press, 2015.
Rabbitts, J. A., D.R. Bacon, G. A. Nuttall, S.
B. Moore, "Mayo Clinic and the Origins of Blood Banking." Mayo Clinic Proceedings 82 (2007):
1117-8
Radin, Joanna. Life
on Ice: A History of New Uses for Cold Blood. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 2017.
Rather, L.J. Addison and the White Corpuscles: An Aspect of Nineteenth-Century Biology. London: Wellcome Institute of the History of Medcine, 1972 .
Rees, Anthony R. The
Antibody Molecule: from Antitoxins to Therapeutic Antibodies. Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 2015.
Risse, Guenter B. The Renaissance of Bloodletting: A Chapter in Modern Therapeutics. Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 34 (1979): 3–22.
Starr, Douglas P. Blood: An Epic History of Medicine and Commerce. New York: Alfred
A. Knopf, 1998.
Wintrobe, Maxwell M. Hematology the Blossoming of a Science: A Story of Inspiration and Effort. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1985.
Wintrobe, Maxwell M., ed. Blood Pure and Eloquent: A Story of Discovery, of People, and of Ideas. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1980.
Antiquity to
Enlightenment / Antiquité aux Lumières
Bildhauer, Bettina. Medieval Blood. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2006.
Moog, Ferdinand Peter,
and Axel Karenberg. Between Horror and Hope: Gladiator's Blood as a Cure for
Epileptics in Ancient Medicine. Journal
of the History of the Neurosciences 12 (2003): 137-43.
Rosner, Fred. Hemophilia in Classic Rabbinic Texts. Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 49 (1994): 240–50.
Walker, Caroline Bynum. Wonderful Blood: Theology and Practice in Late Medieval Northern
Germany and Beyond. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007.
Wreschner, Ernst E. et al. Red Ochre and Human
Evolution: A Case for Discussion. Current
Anthropology 21 (1980): 631-44.
Baird, Ronald J. “Give Us the Tools ...”: The Story of Heparin – as Told by Sketches from the Lives of William Howell, Jay McLean, Charles Best, and Gordon Murray. Journal of Vascular Surgery 11 (1990): 4–18.
Bigelow, Wilfred G. Mysterious Heparin: The Key to Open Heart Surgery. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1990.
Duffin, Jacalyn. Poisoning the
Spindle: Serendipity and Discovery of the Anti-Tumour Properties of the Vinca
Alkaloids,’ Pharmacy in History 44
(2002): 64-76 and 93-128.
Duffin, Jacalyn. Stanley’s Dream: The Medical Expedition to Easter
Island. Montreal: McGill Queen’s University Press, 2019.
Marcum, James A. The Development of Heparin in Toronto. Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 52 (1997): 310–77.
Pelis, Kim ‘Taking Credit: The Canadian Army
Medical Corps and the British Conversion to Blood Transfusion in WWI. Journal of the History of Medicine and
Allied Sciences 56 (2001): 238-77.
Poon, Man-Chiu, and Robert Card. From Hopelessness
to Normalcy; The Remarkable History of Hemophilia Care in Canada. Friesen
Press, 2025.
Smiley, R.K. History of the Canadian Hematology Society/Société canadienne d’hématologie, 1970–1990. Unpublished paper, Royal College, Ottawa.
Toman, Cynthia. Blood Work. Canadian Nursing
and Blood Transfusion, 1942-1990. Nursing
History Review 9 (2001): 51-78.
Toman, Cynthia. Almonte's Great Train Disaster:
Shaping Nurses' Roles and the Civilian Use of Blood Transfusion. Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 21
(2004): 145-57.
Aymard, Jean-Pierre, et Philippe Renaudier. La
transfusion sanguine pendant la Grande Guerre (1914 - 1918). Histoire des Sciences Médicales 50.3 (2016): 353-66 .
Berche, Patrick, et Jean-Jacques Lefrère, Gloires et impostures de la médecine Perrin, 2011 (surtout affaire du sang pp. 349-374).
Bernard, Jean. Hématologie
et transfusion sanguine. Nouvelle
revue française d’hématologie 24.5 (1982): 277-79.
Bernard, Jean. Le sang et l'histoire. Paris: Buchet-Chastel,
1983.
Bernard, Jean. La légende
du sang. Paris: Flammarion, 1992.
Chin-Yee, B.H. and I.H. Chin-Yee. Blood Transfusion and the Body in Early
Modern France. Canadian
Bulletin of Medical History/Bulletin Canadien d'Histoire
de la Medecine. 33.1 (2016): 82-102. .
Fleck, Ludwik. Genèse
et développement d'un fait scientifique,
ed. Ilana Löwy; trad. Nathalie Jas. Paris: Belles Lettres, 2005.
Holmes,
Frederic L. Lavoisier and the Chemistry of Life: An Exploration of
Scientific Creativity. Madison: University of
Wisconsin Press, 1985.
Jaulin, P., et Jean-Jacques Lefrère. Les premières transfusions sanguines en France (1667-1668). Transfusion Clinique et Biologique 17.4 (2010): 205-17. .
Lefrère, Jean-Jacques, and Patrick Berche.
Arnault Tzanck (1886–1954): founder of the first blood centre worldwide. Journal
of Medical Biography 21.4
(2013): 211-19.
Moulin, Anne Marie ‘Reversible History: Blood
Transfusion and the Spread of AIDS in France. In AIDS and the Public Debate: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives,
eds. Caroline Hannaway et al., 170-86. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 1995.
Schneider, William H. Arnault Tzanck, MD (1886-1954). Transfusion Medicine Reviews
24.2 (2010): 147-50.
Teyssou, Roger. Gabriel
Andral, pionnier de l'hématologie:
La médecine dans le sang. Paris: L’Harmattan,
2012.
United
States / Etats Unis
Fryar, Ronny A., A History of the Army Blood Program: How Leaders and Events Shaped the Way Soldiers Receive Lifesaving Blood. Fort Sam Houston, Texas: Borden Institute, US Army Medical Department Center and School, Office of the Surgeon General, 2020. For a 2012 edition click here.
Jaffe, Ernst R., and Kenneth Kaushansky. The
American Society of Hematology: A Success at Age 50. Blood 111 (2008): 11-15.
Karnad, Anand B. Intrinsic Factors: William Bosworth Castle and the Development of
Hematology and Clinical Investigation at Boston City Hospital. Boston:
Harvard University Press for the Francis A. Countway
Library of Medicine, 1997.
Kenny, M. G. A Question of Blood, Race, and
Politics. Journal of the History of
Medicine and Allied Sciences 61 (2006): 456-91.
Lederer, Susan E. Flesh and Blood: Organ Transplantation and Blood Transfusion in Twentieth-Century America. Oxford; New York: Oxford
University Press, 2008.
Moloney, William C., and Sharon Johnson. Pioneering Hematology: The Research and Treatment of Malignant Blood Disorders -- Reflections on a Life's Work. Boston: Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, 1997.
Resnik, Susan. Blood Saga: Hemophilia, AIDS, and the Survival of a Community.
Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999.
Savitt, Todd Lee. Race and Medicine in Nineteenth- and Early-Twentieth-Century
America. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2007.
Swanson, Kara W. Banking
on the Body: The Market in Blood, Milk, and Sperm in Modern America, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2014.
Tapper, Melbourne. In the Blood: Sickle Cell Anemia and the Politics of Race.
Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999.
Wailoo, Keith. Drawing Blood: Technology and Disease Identity in Twentieth-Century America. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997.
Wailoo, Keith. Dying
in the City of the Blues: Sickle Cell Anemia and the Politics of Race and
Health. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 2000.
Wapner, Jessica. The Philadelphia Chromosome: A Genetic Mystery, a Lethal
Cancer, and the Improbable Invention of a Lifesaving Treatment. New York: The
Experiment, 2013.
Weinberg, Eric and Donna
Shaw. Blood on their Hands: How Greedy Companies, Inept Bureaucracy, and Bad
Science Killed Thousands of Hemophiliacs. New Brunswick, New Jersey:
Rutgers University Press, 2017.
last revised March 2026